Lizards Evolution From Snakes Essays - Snake, Lizard, Monitor

Reptiles Evolution From Snakes A huge number of years the planet was overwhelmed by reptiles extraordinary and little. It was a spot managed by the laws of characteristic determination where the best way to endure was to have the option to safeguard yourself with what you had. It was a consistent battle for food, safe house, and matchless quality. It was about natural selection, in light of the fact that just on the off chance that you were most appropriate to your condition would you get an opportunity at living to repeat. At times adjusting to one's condition could make a totally different species by and large. During when dinosaurs strolled the earth littler reptiles must be innovative to guarantee their endurance. The dinosaurs, due to their size where the domineering jerks of the earth. In the event that reptiles needed food they had to some how sneak around the large dinosaurs so as to abstain from turning out to be food themselves. A types of reptile known as the Ear-less Monitor appeared to be very all around adjusted to neutralize this issue. Their eyes had an unmistakable defensive focal point which permitted them to go into the water looking for food and sidestep the land wandering dinosaurs all together. One significant issue before long confronted the Ear-less Screens as they continued looking for sustenance. It appeared that the ocean staying animals had started to get on to the way that these reptiles were attacking their domain for food. The ocean inhabitants responded by asking on the reptiles who came into the water to eat. After numerous passings adrift one shrewd little Ear-less Screen chose to attempt another methodology at getting food. This specific Screen was singled out by the entirety of different Monitors since he and his family had arms and legs that were shorter and littler than everybody else's. The would bother him and his family saying that their genetic supply had minimal hereditary variety. In any case, he didn't let that get him down. He figured that with his thickset arms and legs that he could tunnel under ground to discover food. He utilized his unmistakable defensive focal points over his eyes to keep out earth and shakes. He was certain that he could locate some tasty worms and different things to take care of himself. It was like an everything you can eat buffet until the entirety of the other short equipped Monitors got the word. The short equipped Monitors lived cheerfully under ground while the remainder of the species rapidly ceased to exist. After some time hereditary transformations happened which inevitably left the Monitors without any appendages by any stretch of the imagination. They simply had long thin bodies which empowered them to tunnel effectively and rapidly. So as to disregard the torment that their precursors had been exposed to by the since quite a while ago equipped Screens the gathering chose to be referred to starting there on as snakes. The snakes before long chose to give life on Earth's surface one more opportunity since now they were a lot speedier than the dinosaurs who had eaten up the Monitors. They adjusted to their new condition rapidly with a leg-less method of motion. After some time they advanced and grew more barrier components to turn into the Snakes we know them as today. A huge number of years prior the planet was overwhelmed by reptiles incredible and little. It was a spot managed by the laws of normal determination where the best way to endure was to have the option to guard yourself with what you had. It was a steady battle for food, asylum, and matchless quality. It was about endurance of the fittest, in light of the fact that just in the event that you were most appropriate to your condition would you get an opportunity at living to repeat. At times adjusting to one's condition could make a totally different animal groups by and large. During when dinosaurs strolled the earth littler reptiles must be imaginative to guarantee their endurance. The dinosaurs, on account of their size where the harassers of the earth. In the event that reptiles needed food they had to some how sneak around the huge dinosaurs so as to abstain from turning out to be food themselves. A types of reptile known as the Ear-less Screen appeared to be very much adjusted to balance this issue. Their eyes had a clear defensive focal point, which permitted them to go into the water looking for food what's more, sidestep the land. Wandering dinosaurs all together. One significant issue soon confronted the Ear-less Monitors as they continued looking for sustenance. It appeared that the ocean staying animals had started to get on to the way that these reptiles were attacking their region for food. The ocean occupants responded by imploring on the reptiles who came into the water to eat. After numerous

Goodyear Case Essay Example For Students

Goodyear Case Essay Distinguishing proof of Strategic Issues and ProblemsIn 1992, the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company chose to reexamine the proposal from Sears to sell Goodyears Eagle brand tires. The reasons that Goodyear was mulling over this offer was that Sears was supplanting destroyed Goodyear tires at a huge sum each year. The tires were not being supplanted with Goodyear tires on the grounds that the clients at Sears needed to supplant their tires with the most ideal tires that Sears offered, and the Goodyear tires were not in the contribution. The companys significant alternatives in this choice were whether to sell just the Eagle brand tires or the entirety of the Goodyear tire brands. Investigation and EvaluationThe tire industry is worldwide in zone and most contenders start, market and sell their items around the world. There are ten tire makers that represent 75% of overall tire creation. Of the ten tire makers, Goodyear is the second biggest. The business partitions into two markets: 1. The first hardware tire market and 2. The substitution tire advertise. The first gear tires represent 25-30 percent of the companys creation every year and the swap tire showcase represents 70-75 percent of the creation every year. Autonomous tire vendors ordinarily convey the brands of a few diverse significant makers and a rebate evaluated private name brand in order to give the substitution purchasers a collection of costs, characteristics and brands to browsed. The tire makers concluded that it is gainful to create a product offering of tires to engage numerous purchasers by making tires that can be driven under a wide range of street and climate conditions. Goodyears head business is the turn of events, assembling, appropriation and offer of tires all through the world. The circulation of tires spoke to 83% of the companys corporate deals of $10.9 billion out of 1991. Around 60% of Goodyear overall deals were in the tire substitution advertise and 40% were to the first gear showcase. Due to the Goodyear name, which is extraordinary compared to other realized brand names on the planet, the Goodyear tires have been situated and evaluated as premium quality brands. It is one of the main national promoters in the U.S. The organization likewise works around 1,000 organization possessed Goodyear Auto Service Centers and sells through 2,500 diversified Goodyear Tires Dealers in the U.S. These outlets represent a decent segment of the companys yearly tire deals. RecommendationsBecause of an industry investigation that expects Sears to profit by conveying Goodyear tires, I figure it would be a smart thought for Goodyear to sell their tires at Sears stores. The way that Goodyear is losing numerous clients to Sears via Sears not offering substitution tires to their clients is turning into a huge loss of business for Goodyear. The clients at Sears are returning clients, and feel that the trustworthiness of the organization is very much spoken to by the items they offer. For Goodyear to sell their items at the Sears stores, it would show that the Goodyear name represents quality and that the item can be trusted and is solid. Chesterton Carpet Mills, Inc. Distinguishing proof of Strategic Issues and ProblemsIn 1999 Suzanne Goldman, Special Assistant to the President of Chesterton Carpet Mills, Inc., was confronted with the choice to build up the companys own appropriation places or discount activity dependent on the situation of the business and serious situation of the organization. She was told to concentrate just on private business and think about deals of 1999. She was to address the key and financial parts of an adjustment in conveyance rehearses. Examination and EvaluationApproximately $50 billion is spent yearly for floorcoverings. The biggest class of floor covers is rug and carpets, trailed by versatile covers, for example, vinyl, hardwood, earthenware tile and overlays. .u414256e19316dd4b234f8a7e55b552bc , .u414256e19316dd4b234f8a7e55b552bc .postImageUrl , .u414256e19316dd4b234f8a7e55b552bc .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u414256e19316dd4b234f8a7e55b552bc , .u414256e19316dd4b234f8a7e55b552bc:hover , .u414256e19316dd4b234f8a7e55b552bc:visited , .u414256e19316dd4b234f8a7e55b552bc:active { border:0!important; } .u414256e19316dd4b234f8a7e55b552bc .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u414256e19316dd4b234f8a7e55b552bc { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u414256e19316dd4b234f8a7e55b552bc:active , .u414256e19316dd4b234f8a7e55b552bc:hover { obscurity: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u414256e19316dd4b234f8a7e55b552bc .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u414256e19316dd4b234f8a7e55b552bc .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content embellishment: underline; } .u414256e19316dd4b234f8a7e55b552bc .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u414256e19316dd4b234f8a7e55b552bc .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enhancement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u414256e19316dd4b234f8a7e55b552bc:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u414256e19316d d4b234f8a7e55b552bc .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u414256e19316dd4b234f8a7e55b552bc-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u414256e19316dd4b234f8a7e55b552bc:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Cover Up - JFK Essay Industry deals are partitioned between business deals and private deals. Absence of showcasing is regularly an issue with the decay of U.S organizations giving floor covering to private and business clients. The market for U. S. made floor covering and carpets is very serious and U.S. producers are encountering quick decreases in deals. As changes in the rug and floor covering industry were made perhaps the greatest change that affected the whole business, was when makers began to work its own retail locations. A considerable lot of the chain retail locations dropped these makers and started selling different makers items. Numerous wholesalers started feeling strain to shave their net revenues to oblige retailer-evaluating requests. A significant number of their retail accounts had joined local retail purchasing gatherings and were looking for value breaks practically identical to those made conceivable through their gathering buys. This made Chesterton Carpet Mills consent to consider a decrease in its cost to wholesalers that could be gives to retailers. RecommendationsConsidering that wholesalers were taking steps to pull their business from Chesterton, and in light of the marketing projections that would be expected to work the immediate dispersion communities it would not be savvy as of now to start activities as such. I imagine that it would be keen for the organization to reexamine when the business turns out to be less serious, and somewhat more steady. Words/Pages : 883/24

Are For-Profit Colleges Worth the Cost

Are For-Profit Colleges Worth the Cost Are For-Profit Colleges Worth the Cost? Are For-Profit Colleges Worth the Cost?If youre thinking about getting a degree from a for-profit university, make sure that you do a lot of researchâ€"and talk to some graduates of that schoolâ€"before doing so.A college degree is often seen as a requirement for achieving the American Dream. But is it actually? Well, that depends on what you consider the American Dream to be. Statistically, just having a bachelor’s degree gives you access to a much higher earning potential and a much lower rate of unemployment.But while having some sort of degree feels less optional than ever, there are more options to get a post-high school education than ever before. In addition to traditional, non-profit four-year programs, there are trade schools, apprenticeships, and community colleges.There are also for-profit colleges, which have gotten a bad reputation after a seemingly endless series of new stories revealing controversy and corruption within various for-profit college institutions. So how exactly do for-profit colleges work, and are they an option worth considering?Let’s find out!For-profit colleges: What are they?On a basic level, for-profit universities are exactly what they sound like. Similarly to non-profit schools, for-profit universities offer classes that culminate in a degree. And as the name suggests, they also have owners or shareholders who derive a profit from the tuition the school charges.A non-profit school’s main goal is, theoretically, providing a quality education. The ultimate goal of a for-profit school, as is the case with all for-profit business, is to make money.This doesn’t necessarily mean that a for-profit school couldnt offer a good education. After all, if a school can prove that it offers a good education and a degree that leads to a prosperous career, one can imagine more students would choose that school, leading to more tuition fees which would lead to more profits.However, as anyone who has tried to talk to a cable company on the phone will tell you, for-profit companies do not always see providing the best service as the ideal means to making the most profit.For-profit colleges: The scandals and corruption.Before we touch upon the long and extensive patterns of corruption, scandal, and grifting within the for-profit college system, it’s only fair that we acknowledge that non-profit universities have had centuries of scandals of their own.From deadly Ivy League football games to recent Full House-adjacent admissions scandals, “traditional” schools are the source of many newsworthy controversies as well as a major part of the more mundane, but more impactful, student debt crisis.That being said, for-profit colleges are far  more likely to have fraud claims lodged against them. Many of these schools have been found to mislead potential students by providing false or misleading statistics about their students’ job prospects and utilizing “hard sell” tactics to pressure potential students into si gning up for courses that might not be worth the money they’ll be paying for them.Remember how we said that a company can earn more profits by providing a better service than its competitors? It turns out they can also make a higher profit by deceiving potential customers, especially when the organizations that are supposed to be regulating them start choosing not to do so.For-profit schools will also specifically target veterans and poor people in an effort to get more public funding, in addition to encouraging students to take out excessive loans they might never be able to pay off. For-profit colleges: Should you consider them?Given all of this negative information we just dropped on you, you may be wondering if for-profit colleges are ever worth considering. We wouldn’t say you should never consider them, but you should be incredibly cautious.For-profit schools close often and abruptly, so a school without an established background is likely too risky to consider. You’ll w ant to do a lot of research and, ideally, speak to successful graduates of the program. If you can’t find any successful graduates to speak to, that’s probably a bad sign.Above all, take your time and do your due diligence. Don’t get pressured into anything, especially taking on a lot of debt you may be left with no way to pay off.Of course, many people can’t just choose a prestigious non-profit university to attend. If your dad was Greg Harvardâ€"of Harvard fameâ€"you probably wouldn’t be here reading this article.If a “traditional” college is out of your reach and for-profit colleges are too risky, what options are you left with? Trade schools are a good option for many workers: They’re tailored towards teaching a specific skill, which means that they’re more affordable and require less of a time commitment than a four-year school. Unfortunately, trade schools have their own sets of scams, so you’ll have to be wary and do your research.Community college may als o be right for you! It’s cheaper and can be a path to transferring to a four-year school, or a means to a good education and career all on its own.Regardless of what options you’re considering, it should be clear by now that there is some advice that will apply no matter which educational options you’re considering. Just to reiterate, you’ll want to talk to graduates, conduct as much research as possible, and do your full due diligence before you even begin to think about taking out any loans.Now put on your study cap and start reading up on your educational possibilities! To learn more about how you can increase your future earning potential, check out these other posts and articles from OppLoans:10 College Majors That Will Get You Paid10 Tips to Nail Your Job Interview10 Skills You’ll Need in the Job Market of Tomorrow10 Tips to Help You Score That Big PromotionDo you have a personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.  |Instagram

Are For-Profit Colleges Worth the Cost

Are For-Profit Colleges Worth the Cost Are For-Profit Colleges Worth the Cost? Are For-Profit Colleges Worth the Cost?If youre thinking about getting a degree from a for-profit university, make sure that you do a lot of researchâ€"and talk to some graduates of that schoolâ€"before doing so.A college degree is often seen as a requirement for achieving the American Dream. But is it actually? Well, that depends on what you consider the American Dream to be. Statistically, just having a bachelor’s degree gives you access to a much higher earning potential and a much lower rate of unemployment.But while having some sort of degree feels less optional than ever, there are more options to get a post-high school education than ever before. In addition to traditional, non-profit four-year programs, there are trade schools, apprenticeships, and community colleges.There are also for-profit colleges, which have gotten a bad reputation after a seemingly endless series of new stories revealing controversy and corruption within various for-profit college institutions. So how exactly do for-profit colleges work, and are they an option worth considering?Let’s find out!For-profit colleges: What are they?On a basic level, for-profit universities are exactly what they sound like. Similarly to non-profit schools, for-profit universities offer classes that culminate in a degree. And as the name suggests, they also have owners or shareholders who derive a profit from the tuition the school charges.A non-profit school’s main goal is, theoretically, providing a quality education. The ultimate goal of a for-profit school, as is the case with all for-profit business, is to make money.This doesn’t necessarily mean that a for-profit school couldnt offer a good education. After all, if a school can prove that it offers a good education and a degree that leads to a prosperous career, one can imagine more students would choose that school, leading to more tuition fees which would lead to more profits.However, as anyone who has tried to talk to a cable company on the phone will tell you, for-profit companies do not always see providing the best service as the ideal means to making the most profit.For-profit colleges: The scandals and corruption.Before we touch upon the long and extensive patterns of corruption, scandal, and grifting within the for-profit college system, it’s only fair that we acknowledge that non-profit universities have had centuries of scandals of their own.From deadly Ivy League football games to recent Full House-adjacent admissions scandals, “traditional” schools are the source of many newsworthy controversies as well as a major part of the more mundane, but more impactful, student debt crisis.That being said, for-profit colleges are far  more likely to have fraud claims lodged against them. Many of these schools have been found to mislead potential students by providing false or misleading statistics about their students’ job prospects and utilizing “hard sell” tactics to pressure potential students into si gning up for courses that might not be worth the money they’ll be paying for them.Remember how we said that a company can earn more profits by providing a better service than its competitors? It turns out they can also make a higher profit by deceiving potential customers, especially when the organizations that are supposed to be regulating them start choosing not to do so.For-profit schools will also specifically target veterans and poor people in an effort to get more public funding, in addition to encouraging students to take out excessive loans they might never be able to pay off. For-profit colleges: Should you consider them?Given all of this negative information we just dropped on you, you may be wondering if for-profit colleges are ever worth considering. We wouldn’t say you should never consider them, but you should be incredibly cautious.For-profit schools close often and abruptly, so a school without an established background is likely too risky to consider. You’ll w ant to do a lot of research and, ideally, speak to successful graduates of the program. If you can’t find any successful graduates to speak to, that’s probably a bad sign.Above all, take your time and do your due diligence. Don’t get pressured into anything, especially taking on a lot of debt you may be left with no way to pay off.Of course, many people can’t just choose a prestigious non-profit university to attend. If your dad was Greg Harvardâ€"of Harvard fameâ€"you probably wouldn’t be here reading this article.If a “traditional” college is out of your reach and for-profit colleges are too risky, what options are you left with? Trade schools are a good option for many workers: They’re tailored towards teaching a specific skill, which means that they’re more affordable and require less of a time commitment than a four-year school. Unfortunately, trade schools have their own sets of scams, so you’ll have to be wary and do your research.Community college may als o be right for you! It’s cheaper and can be a path to transferring to a four-year school, or a means to a good education and career all on its own.Regardless of what options you’re considering, it should be clear by now that there is some advice that will apply no matter which educational options you’re considering. Just to reiterate, you’ll want to talk to graduates, conduct as much research as possible, and do your full due diligence before you even begin to think about taking out any loans.Now put on your study cap and start reading up on your educational possibilities! To learn more about how you can increase your future earning potential, check out these other posts and articles from OppLoans:10 College Majors That Will Get You Paid10 Tips to Nail Your Job Interview10 Skills You’ll Need in the Job Market of Tomorrow10 Tips to Help You Score That Big PromotionDo you have a personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.  |Instagram

Practice Your Inferencing Skills With This Worksheet

How are your inferencing skills? Need some inference practice? Of course, you do! The reading comprehension portions of many standardized exams will ask inference questions – those that ask you to infer, or make an educated guess, about the content of the passage – along with the standard questions about main idea, authors purpose, and vocabulary in context. Teachers, feel free to print the following PDFs for easy practice in the classroom:Inference Practice 3  Worksheet | Inference Practice 3  Answer Key On Being Found Guilty of Treason Robert Emmet Born in 1778, died in 1803; became a leader of the United Irishmen, and in 1803 led an unsuccessful rising in Dublin; escaping to the mountains he returned to Dublin to take leave of his fiancà ©e, Sarah Curran, daughter of an orator, and was captured and hanged. MY LORDS:What have I to say why sentence of death should not be pronounced on me according to law? I have nothing to say that can alter your predetermination, nor that it will become me to say with any view to the mitigation of that sentence which you are here to pronounce, and I must abide by. But I have that to say which interests me more than life, and which you have labored (as was necessarily), your office in the present circumstances of this oppressed country) to destroy. I have much to say why my reputation should be rescued from the load of false accusation and calumny which has been heaped upon it. I do not imagine that, seated where you are, your minds can be so free from impurity as to receive the least impression from what I am going to utterI have no hopes that I can anchor my character in the breast of a court constituted and trammeled as this isI only wish, and it is the utmost I expect, that your lordships may suffer it to float down your memories untainted by the fou l breath of prejudice, until it finds some more hospitable harbor to shelter it from the storm by which it is at present buffeted. 1 Was I only to suffer death after being adjudged guilty by your tribunal, I should bow in silence, and meet the fate that awaits me without a murmur; but the sentence of law which delivers my body to the executioner, will, through the ministry of that law, labor in its own vindication to consign my character to obloquyfor there must be guilt somewhere: whether in the sentence of the court or in the catastrophe, posterity must determine. A man in my situation, my lords, has not only to encounter the difficulties of fortune, and the force of power over minds which it has corrupted or subjugated, but the difficulties of established prejudice: the dies, but his memory lives. That mine may not perish, that it may live in the respect of my countrymen, I seize upon this opportunity to vindicate myself from some of the charges alleged against me. When my spirit shall be wafted to a more friendly port; when my shade shall have joined the bands of those martyred heroes who have shed their bloo d on the scaffold and in the field, in defense of their country and of virtue, this is my hope: I wish that my memory and name may animate those who survive me, while I look down with complacency on the destruction of that perfidious government which upholds its domination by blasphemy of the Most Highwhich displays its power over man as over the beasts of the forestwhich sets man upon his brother, and lifts his hand in the name of God against the throat of his fellow who believes or doubts a little more or a little less than the government standarda government which is steeled to barbarity by the cries of the orphans and the tears of the widows which it has made. 2 I appeal to the immaculate GodI swear by the throne of Heaven, before which I must shortly appearby the blood of the murdered patriots who have gone before methat my conduct has been through all this peril and all my purposes, governed only by the convictions which I have uttered, and by no other view, than that. of their cure, and the emancipation of my country from the super inhuman oppression under which she has so long and too patiently travailed; and that I confidently and assuredly hope that, wild and chimerical as it may appear, there is still union and strength in Ireland to accomplish this noble enterprise. Of this I speak with the confidence of intimate knowledge, and with the consolation that appertains to that confidence. Think not, my lords, I say this for the petty gratification of giving you a transitory uneasiness; a man who never yet raised his voice to assert a lie, will not hazard his character with posterity by asserting a falsehood on a subject so important to h is country, and on an occasion like this. Yes, my lords, a man who does not wish to have his epitaph written until his country is liberated, will not leave a weapon in the power of envy; nor a pretense to impeach the probity which he means to preserve even in the grave to which tyranny consigns him. 3 Again I say, that what I have spoken, was not intended for your lordship, whose situation I commiserate rather than envymy expressions were for my countrymen; if there is a true Irishman present, let my last words cheer him in the hour of his affliction. 4 I have always understood it to be the duty of a judge when a prisoner has been convicted, to pronounce the sentence of the law; I have also understood that judges sometimes think it their duty to hear with patience, and to speak with humanity; to exhort the victim of the laws, and to offer with tender benignity his opinions of the motives by which he was actuated in the crime, of which he had been adjudged guilty: that a judge has thought it his duty so to have done, I have no doubtbut where is the boasted freedom of your institutions, where is the vaunted impartiality, clemency, and mildness of your courts of justice, if an unfortunate prisoner, whom your policy, and not pure justice, is about to deliver into the hands of the executioner, is not suffered to explain his motives sincerely and truly, and to vindicate the principles by which he was actuated? 5 My lords, it may be a part of the system of angry justice, to bow a mans mind by humiliation to the purposed ignominy of the scaffold; but worse to me than the purposed shame, or the scaffolds terrors, would be the shame of such unfounded imputations as have been laid against me in this court: you, my lord [Lord Norbury], are a judge, I am the supposed culprit; I am a man, you are a man also; by a revolution of power, we might change places, tho we never could change characters; if I stand at the bar of this court, and dare not vindicate my character, what a farce is your justice? If I stand at this bar and dare not vindicate my character, how dare you calumniate it? Does the sentence of death which your unhallowed policy inflicts on my body, also condemn my tongue to silence and my reputation to reproach? Your executioner may abridge the period of my existence, but while I exist I shall not forbear to vindicate my character and motives from your aspersions; and as a man to whom fam e is dearer than life, I will make the last use of that life in doing justice to that reputation which is to live after me, and which is the only legacy I can leave to those I honor and love, and for whom I am proud to perish. As men, my lord, we must appear at the great day at one common tribunal, and it will then remain for the searcher of all hearts to show a collective universe who was engaged in the most virtuous actions, or actuated by the purest motivesmy countrys oppressors or I? 6 I am charged with being an emissary of France! An emissary of France! And for what end? It is alleged that I wished to sell the independence of my country! And for what end? Was this the object of my ambition? And is this the mode by which a tribunal of justice reconciles contradictions? No, I am no emissary; and my ambition was to hold a place among the deliverers of my countrynot in power, nor in profit, but in the glory of the achievement! Sell my countrys independence to France! And for what? Was it for a change of masters? No! But for ambition! O my country, was it personal ambition that could influence me? Had it been the soul of my actions, could I not by my education and fortune, by the rank and consideration of my family, have placed myself among the proudest of my oppressors? My country was my idol; to it I sacrificed every selfish, every endearing sentiment; and for it, I now offer up my life. O God! No, my lord; I acted as an Irishman, determined on delivering my country from the yoke of a foreign and unrelenting tyranny, and from the more galling yoke of a domestic faction, which is its joint partner and perpetrator in the parricide, for the ignominy of existing with an exterior of splendor and of conscious depravity. It was the wish of my heart to extricate my country from this doubly riveted despotism. 7 I wished to place her independence beyond the reach of any power on earth; I wished to exalt you to that proud station in the world. 9 I wished to procure for my country the guarantee which Washington procured for America. To procure an aid, which, by its example, would be as important as its valor, disciplined, gallant, pregnant with science and experience; which would perceive the good, and polish the rough points of our character. They would come to us as strangers, and leave us as friends, after sharing in our perils and elevating our destiny. These were my objectsnot to receive new taskmasters, but to expel old tyrants; these were my views, and these only became Irishmen. It was for these ends I sought aid from France; because France, even as an enemy, could not be more implacable than the enemy already in the bosom of my country. 10 Let no man dare, when I am dead, to charge me with dishonor; let no man attaint my memory by believing that I could have engaged in any cause but that of my countrys liberty and independence; or that I could have become the pliant minion of power in the oppression or the miseries of my countrymen. The proclamation of the provisional government speaks for our views; no inference can be tortured from it to countenance barbarity or debasement at home, or subjection, humiliation, or treachery from abroad; I would not have submitted to a foreign oppressor for the same reason that I would resist the foreign and domestic oppressor; in the dignity of freedom I would have fought upon the threshold of my country, and its enemy should enter only by passing over my lifeless corpse. Am I, who lived but for my country, and who have subjected myself to the dangers of the jealous and watchful oppressor, and the bondage of the grave, only to give my countrymen their rights, and my country her indepe ndence, and am I to be loaded with calumny, and not suffered to resent or repel itno, God forbid! 11 If the spirits of the illustrious dead participate in the concerns and cares of those who are dear to them in this transitory lifeoh, ever dear and venerated shade of my departed father, look down with scrutiny upon the conduct of your suffering son; and see if I have even for a moment deviated from those principles of morality and patriotism which it was your care to instill into my youthful mind, and for which I am now to offer up my life! 12 My lords, you are impatient for the sacrificethe blood which you seek is not congealed by the artificial terrors which surround your victim; it circulates warmly and unruffled, through the channels which God created for noble purposes, but which you are bent to destroy, for purposes so grievous, that they cry to heaven. Be yet patient! I have but a few words more to say. I am going to my cold and silent grave: my lamp of life is nearly extinguished: my race is run: the grave opens to receive me, and I sink into its bosom! I have but one request to ask at my departure from this worldit is the charity of its silence! Let no man write my epitaph: for as no man who knows my motives dare now vindicate them, let not prejudice or ignorance asperse them. Let them and me repose in obscurity and peace, and my tomb remain uninscribed, until other times, and other men, can do justice to my character; when my country takes her place among the nations of the earth, then, and not till then, let my epitaph be written. I have done. 1. Which of the following statements about Robert Emmet is best supported by the passage? A. He was a patriot, willing to die for his cause. B. He was a traitor, dishonoring his country. C. He was a liar, vilifying noblemen. D. He was a hero, ambitious for glory. Answer and Explanation 2. Based on the information in paragraph two, one could infer that the government in Robert Emmets time was: A. weakening. B. disorganized. C. oppressive. D. permissive. Answer and Explanation 3. It can be reasonably inferred from Robert Emmets speech that he is most concerned about this after his death: A. not finishing the task of finding freedom for Ireland. B. leaving behind a young wife and small child to fend for themselves. C. being characterized as a villain by people who didnt understand his motives. D. a poorly written epitaph about the role he played in the downfall of the United Irishmen. Answer and Explanation 4. It can be reasonably inferred from the passage that the Robert Emmet believed a partnership with France could: A. help gain control of the government to benefit Emmet. B. overthrow Irelands tyrannical rulers to free Ireland.    C. undo all the work he had done to free Ireland. D. sentence him to death for treason. Answer and Explanation 5. Based on the information in the passage, Robert Emmets tone could best be characterized as: A. quarrelsome. B. offensive. C. angry. D. passionate. Answer and Explanation

A Closer Look at Sam Monroe - 1001 Words

At a first glance, Sam Monroe is a character who one could easily assume is a very angst-filled, lonely, and misunderstood teenager. This being said, it is no secret that Sam is quite troubled, in fact his appearance and moodiness are a clear cry for help and attention and could be signs of severe depression. His cry goes unanswered as his family is too busy and selfish to be bothered with his needs, turning him into an equally selfish person. Sam takes out his frustration by doing drugs, as seen in his first scene in Life as a House. He dresses in very attention grabbing ways, with very dark clothing, eye makeup, and facial piercings, yet still goes ignored. He spends most days alone in his room blaring his music and hiding away,†¦show more content†¦First, he stops wearing eye makeup, then takes his facial piercings out, and stops wearing the mostly black wardrobe hed become so accustomed to. We then begin to see Sams personality change. He enjoys spending time with others now, and is more outgoing and helpful. The signs of depression even become minimal. But when George finally reveals to his son that he is dying of cancer, Sam tries to alienate him again, only for a moment, thinking his father has selfishly tricked him into repairing their relationship, rather than just trying to show him the love he needed all along. In the end of the movie, we see the greatest sign of change in Sam Monroe. His father left him the house they built together, which Sam did not originally want, and rather than selling it, Sam gave it to someone he knew his father would have approved of: a disabled woman who was the victim of a crash, caused by Georges father driving while intoxicated. Life as a House is not just about one man and his battle of cancer. It is about family, and the interconnected stories of a father and son. 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Dental Records and Income Monitoring System Free Essays

Companies suffer from file-based management system in handling information. Secretaries or person-in-charge who manipulates records manually aren’t assured that each record is properly monitored, due to work loads. It was May 21, 2001, when Dr. We will write a custom essay sample on Dental Records and Income Monitoring System or any similar topic only for you Order Now Torres an associate dentist opens his own dental clinic with Mrs. Miranda as his personal assistant. As the process of the clinic goes, from ‘walk-in’ patients they also have appointments. Today, they are now accepting (H. M. O-patient with company accreditation). Complexity of records turns out as the problem of their clinic, as well as keeping records properly and secure. The existing system deals with problems that needed to be carried out from the management such as the difficulty in accessing data, problems in updating records, data redundancy and the integrity problem with regards on the stored data and its security. Statement of the Problem Proper record managing is a big work upon having a file-based system. First thing to consider is the data accuracy which is the main goal of managing records then the security, but as it goes problems arises such as: 1. What is the status of the current system in terms of: 2. 1. Data collection and retrieval? 2. 2. Accessing of specific record? 2. 3. Updating of patient’s information? 2. 4. The security of their patient’s files? 2. 5. Income monitoring? System Design Paradigm Input Process Output Dental Records And Income Monitoring System System Analysis and Design Life Cycle -Patient Information -Reports -Billing Statement -Acquired Services Figure1. System Design Paradigm This illustration shows the basic procedure undertaken in this study. System Analysis and Design Life Cycle has an important role in the development of the new system to track records of patients. The Dental Record and Income Monitoring System will be developed for the monitoring and managing records of patient’s information and the clinic’s income. Patient’s profile, reports, billing statement and acquired services will be gathered, reviewed, and analyzed through Systems Analysis and Design process. This procedure will result to the development of the Dental Record and Income Monitoring System. Objectives of the Study Dental Records and Income Monitoring System is proposed to lessen some concern with regards in managing the patient’s records, as well as the income of Dr. Torres Dental Care Center. 1. The said system will be developed having objectives as follows: 1. 1. To provide an accurate data collection and retrieval. 1. 2. To provide an easy access to the records. 1. 3. To provide a more secured patient’s files system. 1. 4. To provide the user an easily updated patient’s information. 1. 3. To generate their income. Significance of the Study Dental clinics and even other business institutions keep their record as their basis in doing actions and decisions to offer better services. On the other hand, they are also profitable organizations. So the group comes to the idea of Dental Records and Income Monitoring System proposed to D. Torres Dental Care Center. With the study, researchers expect that it will benefit the following: Dentist – The said system will provide the dentist reports that monitor the income of the clinic. Secretary – The proposed ystem will minimize the workload of the secretary upon managing patient’s record as well as the billing transactions. Patients – With the system, patients will be easily accommodated and served for easy schedule and billing transactions. Clinic – The benefit of the clinic is that it can now provide fast and easy process for patient, doctor and the secretary. Other researchers – This will benefit them in their fu ture research with regards in this kind of system. Scope and Delimitation Technology has always been a major means of creating new physical and human environment. In this case data managing is the prior concern. How data or information will be handled properly and secured. In the proposed system, the patient’s records are computerized and being stored in the database for easy access and accurate retrieval of data which is the main priority of this study. This includes the medical history of the patient, the treatment that should be done and their schedule. There is also an income and service fee computations. Managing of appointments is also included. There is a secure log-in for the dentist and the secretary. On the other hand, the process of automatic scheduling for patients is not included. Printing of receipt will not also be covered. The diagnosis of the particular treatment that will be given to the patient and the prescription of medicine for each treatment are also not included. Assumptions On the implementation of Dental Records and Income Monitoring System, the D. Torres Dental Care Center can now offer faster and easier services. Regarding of patient’s charges and transactions, payment is easily computed and manipulated, as well as the clinic’s income. Design Methodology To come up with the design, the proponent has chosen the Iteration Approach as the Software Development Methodology. Figure 2. Iteration Approach The figure shows the System Development Life Cycle that provides a phase approach to analyze, design, and implement a system that could solve the encountered problem by the company. 1. Identifying problems, opportunities and objectives. In this phase the group determines whether the problem exist and has a solution. The group has created a project plan, which will help or serve as a guide in solving the problem. The researchers also conducted a feasibility study that will determine whether a system is needed. 2. Determining information needed. In this phase, the group analyzes and understands what information the D. Torres Dental Care Center needs in their system. 3. Analyzing system needed. In this stage the researchers prepared the system proposal that summarizes the details that been found, provide cost-benefit analysis of alternatives and make recommendations of what should be done. 4. Designing the recommended system. In this stage the group will work on designing the output that will meet the information needs. After recommendation and approval, the group will eventually design a database system. 5. Developing and documenting software. The group will provide the original software that is needed. Documentation lets the user know how to use the software and manages the problem occurs. 6. Testing and maintaining the system. Information is not applicable to use unless it is undergoing several test. In this stage, the group will conduct a series of tests to pinpoint the problems. System maintenance includes modification of the system use to changes within the inventory process. . Implementation and evaluating the system. In this stage, the group needs to verify and test the information gathered, train the user to handle the system and install the system. Definition of Terms The D. Torres Dental Care Center has these following terms that they used on their center. Here are the following terms: Braces – an orthodontic appliance consisting or brackets cemented to the surface of each toothand wires of stainless steel or nickel titanium alloy. Braces are used to treat malocclusionby changing the position of the teeth. Dentist – the one who needed and reads the patients information that is given by the secretary. H. M. O. – Health Maintenance Organization, an organization that provides medical and dental Oral Prophylaxis – cleaning or polishing of the teeth. Pasta or Restoration – the action or process of restoring. Patient –  is the recipient of the information. Retainer Fee – a retainer fee is a fixed amount of money that a client agrees to pay, in advance, to secure the services of a consultant or freelancer. Retainer – an appliance or device that keeps the tooth or partial denture in proper position. Root Canal – That aspect of endodontic dealing with the treatment of diseases of the dental pulp, consisting of partial (pulpotomy) or complete (pulpectomy) extirpation of the diseased pulp, cleaning and sterilization of the empty root canal, enlarging and shaping of the canal to receive sealing material, and obturation of the canal with a nonirritating hermetic sealing agent. It is also called pulp canal therapy. Secretary – the one, who gathers the information of the patient, gives it to the dentist and also computes the income of the clinic. Surgery – is an ancient  medical specialty  that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a  patient  to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as  disease  or  injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance. Teeth Whitening – the process of using bleach or other materials to make teeth look whiter. The materials remove stains or other discoloration from the tooth surface. Tooth Extraction –  (also referred to as  exodontia) is the removal of a  tooth  from the  mouth. Tooth Impacted – is a tooth that gets blocked as it is pushing through the gum onto your mouth (erupting). How to cite Dental Records and Income Monitoring System, Papers

Transportation and Distribution Incoterms and Carrier Selection

Question: Discuss about theTransportation and Distribution for Incoterms and Carrier Selection. Answer: Introduction: The purpose of this assignment is to analyze effectiveness of the incoterms selection consideration, incoterms refer to set of rules or binding contracts that guide business globally, whenever goods and services are transferred from the seller to the buyer. Context in focus is transportation globally for the Procter Gamble Company, their carrier selection, what is the determining factor towards selection of a carrier of goods as the manager (Coyle et all 2016, p.347). The paper focuses on maintaining relationship between the carrier and Proctor and Gamble company. It will also focus on the relationship management that is between the carrier and Procter Gamble Company, the factors to consider when staging and picking orders to avoid the carriers from being overcharged, thus making cost of transportation low (Myerson, 2015 p.150). Headquartered in Cincinnati, United states founded in 1837 and incorporated on 5th May 1905, Procter Gamble Company is an organization that packages goods for consumers, it provides goods in several segments namely beauty product such as lotions, fabric care like the diapers, home care appliances and baby feminine as well as family care products, the company products are purchased in more than 180 countries globally, the company has subsidiaries in Asia, Africa. South America and North America. Procter Gamble Co (PG). (2016, August 01). Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/companyProfile?symbol=PG The organization has a global market presence. It has offices in most of its business operation centers. Its main competitors include; Uniliver, Henkel and Beiersdorf and Johnson Johnson. The Procter Gamble Company Profile. (2016) Retrieved from https://www.hoovers.com/company-information/cs/company-profile.the_procter__gamble_company.89fae93ad9ab54d7.html. Procter Gamble develops an overall brand strategy, the information about the company is uniform globally, when competition arises, the company upgrades its products more so its marketing gimmicks. The products are purchased in supermarkets, drug stores, online via its websites and also the suppliers not forgetting the distributors of salon products. The company has existed for over 178 years since its managements believes in changing everything based on competition, the only thing that remain as it is are the company core values. Building a Better Company. (2016) Retrieved from https://www.pginvestor.com/CompanyStrategy/Index?KeyGenPage=208821 Proctor Gamble Effectiveness Transportation Capability Proctor and Gamble has moved transportation of its goods from the roads to rail and an avenue of inland shipping, the company also analyzed instances whereby there was a wastage and it has worked to reduce wastage drastically. The system of waste reduction and using other avenues of transportation which cut mile deliveries, has enabled the company, to move ahead of competitors, in coming up with a cost effective logistics system. The project is named Tina, which is an environment friendly project, saving Europe from over 67000 tons of carbon emitted each year. Project Tina was launched in two countries in 2009, the project has been an adaptive model all over Europe for the Proctor Gamble. Since the project introduction, the company has redesigned its supply network too. Towards waste reduction in the transport network, the company has moved its distribution centers closer to the customers, the customers comprise of retailers, individual customers and also wholesale customers. The or ganization has changed its packet volumes by ensuring the products are compacted, the measure has reduced the volumes of packaged goods. Simon B. (2011, May 16). Procter Gamble - greening up logistics. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/procter-gamble-greens-logistics Appropriate Incoterms to be used by the Proctor Gamble. The company should use incoterms that covers transport over water bodies and rail (Jaffeux Wieser, 2012 p. 146). The incoterm used should define aspect like the geographical location,handling conditions and the destination. As a manager I would recommend incoterms to be used by the Proctor Gamble to include; FCA which is an incoterm under carriage, in this incoterm the company will deliver the products cleared for export to the carrier or the shipping company, that has been chosen by the buyer at the agreed place of delivery, in this incoterm if delivery happens at the Proctor Gamble selling point, then the organization is responsible for loading, if delivery doesnt happen at its selling premises, Proctor Gamble will not be responsible for the loading.( Rodrguez Lam 2009, p.27). Incoterm FAS (Free alongside ship) in this incoterm, Proctor and Gamble will deliver upon goods delivered alongside the ship at the named port of shipping. After delivery the buyer will bear all costs and risks. In case the buyer wants to export the goods, he will clear the exporting costs. (Rodrguez Lam 2009, p.27).Incoterm DES (Delivered by Ex Ship) The organization will deliver once goods are available to the buyers on board, in this incoterm the ship is normally not cleared for import at the port of the destination, the seller in this context is responsible for unloading goods. Incoterm CIF (Cost, insurance and Freight) in this incoterm Proctor Gamble will be responsible for transportation of the goods to the buyer and other issues such as loss that might result during transport. The company will be obliged to take insurance cover at a minimum cost, it will be an advantage to the company in case something unexpected happens, like ship sinking or the ship develops a mechanical problem, which will result to company loses, for other extra insurance charges the buyer is responsible. For rail transport Proctor Gamble can use the incoterm EXW, the company having embraced the idea of having the storehouses closer to the buyers, it will deliver products to its warehouses via the rail to the packing plants next to the buyers, in this incoterm the buyers are responsible for loading, formalities in place in exporting and importing all costs that Proctor Gamble will incur as it submits the goods to the buyers via the rail. (Rodrguez Lam 2009, p.27). Transportation Goals and Needs of the Proctor and Gamble According to Annis Skoufalos, the product and supply officer Product Gamble globally, the main objective or need of the company as far as transport is concerned is to make their operation to be trackable or appealing to customers at 80%, he emphasizes the company business operations are justified and measured by the customers. The companys goal is to have the products transported to 80% percent of its retailers within one day, to make that a reality, Proctor Gamble saw the need to build up mega distribution centers which are strategically located not only in North America but also every country that it has a footprint in business. The distribution centers can receive goods from all the business units at the distribution centers, transportation will be done at very high speed and efficiency. To support the distribution centers and have a transportation goal of 80% to the retailers or the buyers, the company has also restructured its manufacturing base in North America to ensure they are quick to respond to the needs of the distribution centers all over the world. Proctor Gamble has also campaigned for its suppliers to have their centers next to the distribution centers, this will ensure that suppliers have a continuous process of supply without running out of goods. Bob T. (2015, January 02). What does it take to remain a supply chain leader? Retrieved from https://www.supplychain247.com/article/what_does_it_take_to_remain_a_supply_chain_leader Proctor Gamble has a goal by 2020 to reduce transportation of goods using trucks. The companys vehicles have an improved fill rate and it has also increased use of multi modal transport. Moving in the right direction (2015, May 2015) Retrieved from us.pg.com/sustainability/environmental-sustainability/focused-on/transportation Appropriate Criteria to be Considered when Selecting the Carrier When Proctor Gamble is selecting a carrier, it should consider factors like transit time, based on their need to supply 80% of retailers on a given day, speed is needed here. Since the company endeavors to use rail and water transport more than the road, it is highly recommended that the carrier selected should be in a position to carry the goods with facilities that are water resistant, the storage of the carrier, should deliver the goods at the desired temperatures to the buyers. Items such clothes or diapers which are sold by Proctor Gamble, if exposed to water might be a loss to the company, the carriers selected should have the packing facilities that ensure goods reach the desired destination in the most desirable state, to the buyers and customers. (Coyle et all 2016, p.428). (Coyle et all 2016, p.429). The company should also use a limited number of carriers, the carrier selected should not be serving many companies at the same time, limited number of carriers will enable it to have a good purchasing order of dollars at a lower or affordable rate and build relationships with the service providers who will in the end understand business operations of Proctor Gamble. The carrier selected should be a carrier that has accorded quality service and efficiency. Last but not least the carrier selected, should be in a position to handle volumes of the goods transported by the company especially by the rail transport, making the supply continuous. The major goal for the Proctor Gamble company by 2020 is reduction of transport using the trucks, making sure that less kilometers are covered when transporting goods and also making sure that distributors are in continuous supply of goods. The organization focuses also on making sure that it emits less carbon in the atmosphere. Moving in the right direction (2015, May 2015) Retrieved from us.pg.com/sustainability/environmental-sustainability/focused-on/transportation According to (Kondo,1988, p.95) A company like Proctor Gamble should have a working relationship with the carriers, for instance the organization should establish contact people that are in communication with the carriers, a relationship with the carriers calls them to fully understand Proctor Gamble business operation, to understand how urgent their products are needed in the market and also the state at which the products are going to be delivered really matters. Proctor Gamble should have a direct relationship with the carriers (Grammenos, 2013 p.1023-1027). This enables the company to know exactly what is taking place within the carriers. Since Proctor Gamble is using different carriers in the business, under the rail and sea, it is also important that the organization to have intercompany relationship, the company as the main carrier is contacted and it steers its staff operation, to ensure Proctor Gamble objectives are highly met while maintaining their carrier business efficiency. A working relationship with the carriers, enable the company to have a feedback of the experience in the transportation process and what motivates efficiency. Intercompany relationship cab be facilitated by, making payments to the carriers on time and answering carriers calls, for emergencies since in the end it is Proctor Gamble needs to keep business moving. The company should endeavor to maintain a win win relationship win the carrier (Glowik,2014. p.21).this enabled by proving to the carrier importance of the task at hand, presently and how advantageous it will be in future. Conclusion Proctor Gamble an organization that has been existence since 1837 is among the leaders in supply chain business, for the market strategies to take place and success overall, there are key factors that happen in the background which the customers might not know, though the factors make the business thrive. The paper has defined incoterms as a set of rules or binding contract between the organization and a carrier. In the paper I assumed the role of a manager in analyzing effectiveness of transport capability by the Proctor Gamble, reduction of transport by road to rail and water. There are various incoterms that have been recommended for Proctor Gamble for example Incoterm CIF, which covers Cost, insurance and Freight. The assignment covers the carrier selection criteria visa vis the goals of the organization. The factors to consider and what best suits the company having in mind its service delivery of 80% to all retailers, within a day. Issues like the carrier relationship manageme nt and how best to build the relationship between the carrier and the Proctor Gamble. Having the carrier organization communicating directly with the Proctor Gamble, it helps the carrier organization to instill the values that are needed for delivery and expectation of their customers. The best way to have the carrier and Proctor Gamble having an understanding is ensuring a constant flow of communication. References Bob T. (2015, January 02). What does it take to remain a supply chain leader? Retrieved from https://www.supplychain247.com/article/what_does_it_take_to_remain_a_supply_chain_leader Coyle, J. J., Langley, C. J., Novack, R. A., Gibson, B. (2016).Supply chain management: a logistics perspective. Nelson Education. Foekens, A., Mitrakas, A., Tan, Y. H. (1997, January). Facilitating international electronic commerce by formalising the Incoterms. InSystem Sciences, 1997, Proceedings of the Thirtieth Hawaii International Conference on(Vol. 4, pp. 459-467). IEEE. Grammenos, C. (2013).The handbook of maritime economics and business. Myerson, P. (2015).Supply chain and logistics management made easy: methods and applications for planning, operations, integration, control and improvement, and network design. Pearson Education. Jaffeux, C., Wieser, P. (Eds.). (2012).Essentials of logistics and management. CRC Press. Kondo, D. (1988).Business Basics in Hawaii: Secrets of Starting Your Own Small Business in Our State. University of Hawaii Press. Moving in the right direction (2015, May 2015) Retrieved from us.pg.com/sustainability/environmental-sustainability/focused-on/transportation Rodrguez, D., Cruz, C., Lam, F. (2009).Export logistics for fresh and processed products. Logstica para la exportacin de productos de productos agrcolas, frescos y procesados(No. IICA E71-184). Taylor Francis. Glowik, M., Bruhs, S. M. (2014).Business-to-business: A Global Network Perspective. Routledge.

Implications of Credit Crisis to Financial Risk Managers

The Call of the Wild Essays

The Call of the Wild Essays The Call of the Wild Essay The Call of the Wild Essay Essay Topic: Call of the Wild Into the Wild Wild The Call of the Wild In the novel The Call of the Wild, by Jack London, a pampered dog named Buck lives a lovely life in the Santa Clara Valley. When one of the garden workers brings Buck toa train station and sells him, his whole life changes. Buck adapts to his new ways and now is tougher and more aggressive. He isnt the same dog anymore. The call of the wild affects Bucks behavior and leads him to his true destiny. He has a natural call to live in the wild. When Buck goes from house pet to alpha sled dog, everything about him changes. His new life brings him closer to the wild. Buck is a fearless and is a true leader. He accepts every challenge and gets stronger everyday. Buck wants to take control and be on top. The wild atmosphere turns Buck into a fighter. He wont back away from anything and he shows that. Buck and Spitz are both the strongest sled dogs in the pack. They are both rivals and are against each other. Before Buck became a sled dog, he couldnt stand up for himself very well and didnt have many fghting skills. Spitz is always Jealous of Buck and wants to get rid of him. Spitz attacks Buck and starts to fight him to the point where Buck is badly wounded. At the end, Buck prevails and shows Spitz he is changed and is the leader. After the fight, Buck is proud of himself and realizes that he belongs with the pack. Buck stood and looked on, the successful champion, the dominant primordial beast who had made his kill and found its good ( London 46). Bucks victory shows he is destined to be part of the wild. Buck is finding more signals that are making him realize that he belongs in the wild. Buck hears a call from the forest that sounds like the call of the wild. When he hears this noise, he feels like its a familiar sound that he has heard before. Its a part of him. From the forest came the call ( or one note of it, for the call was many-noted), distinct and definite as never before- a long-drawn howl, like, yet unlike, any noise made by husky dog. And he knew it, in the old familiar way, as a sound heard before ( London 105). Buck follows the noise and finds a wolf. They end up becoming very close and continually meet up every day. Buck feels very close and calls him wood brother. Buck now feels like he is part of the wild and there are times when he almost forgets about going back to John Thorton, his owner. Buck goes through a lot to find his destiny. Everything in life happens for a reason. All the events that happen through Bucks life lead him closer to his destiny. Buck comes back to his camp finding John Thorton dead. The Yeehats attack the camp and kill everyone there. Buck has so much fury that he attacks all the Yeehats. He scares them all away. Buck loves John Thorton more than anyone in the world. His death really upsets Buck and he wants to drift away from this tragedy. He finds the pack of wolves and they surround him. They all start howling and he does the same. He feels very comfortable around them and feels as though he belongs ith them in the wild. The leaders lifted the yelp of the pack and sprang away into the wood. The wolves swung in behind, yelping in chorus. And Buck ran with them, side by side with the wild brother; yelping as he ran (London 120). Buck feels like he is part of the pack and he fits in with the wolves. The call of the wild is something these wolves can all relate to and Bucks wants to feel par t of their family. The call brings him to his destiny. Buck goes through a dramatic change in his life. The call of the wild is his true destiny. He belongs with his own kind and is better off this way. Buck goes from a domesticated pet to a fearless, wild sled dog. He sees that he belongs in the wild environment. He grows and develops as he continues his Journey. At the end of it all, he finds the right path and howls the call of the wild. He is now free and is with his own kind. Some people find their true destiny right away, but for others it takes them time to realize where they belong. Buck changes for the good and finds out who he really as he travels a challenging path. Buck finds his call at the end of the path, which makes everything worth it at the end.

THE GREATER MIDDLE EAST Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

THE GREATER MIDDLE EAST - Essay Example th Zionist congress in Jerusalem in 1968.† It also plays a role in transforming Israel into a western state during World War I and II (Goldschmidt & Davidson, 2013). Gartner (1996) argues that, the ideology of Jews returning to their homeland is evident from biblical precedents where Moses leads the exodus of Israelite from Egypt to their promised homeland. In addition, the immigration of Israelite comes again in 641 BCE when Babylonians conquer Judea. However, in 1897 Theodor Herzl establishes the Zionist movement with the aim of creating a Jewish state. This state provides an opportunity for Jews to escape from anti-Semitism and join the family of nations. The world Zionist organizations are established and together with Birnbaum, there is establishment of Zionist congress to increase the effect of Zionism. Gottheil (1899) argues that, the 28th Zionist Congress of 1968 in Jerusalem adopts 5 principles as aims of the contemporary Zionism. These principles include: protecting the Jewish rights everywhere; returning the Jewish people into historic homeland; preserving the Jewish identity through fostering Hebrew, Jewish and Zionist education; strengthening the state of Israel; and centralizing and unifying the Jewish people. According to Goldschmidt & Davidson (2013), after Herzl’s death Zionism separates with Orthodox Judaism and shifts to Communism. This is as a result of cultural and language diversity which makes orthodox religious organizations opposes the Zionism. In addition, this opposition is influenced by Zionism’s secularism and the fact that Jewish rule will only be re-established in Israel by Messiah. However, after the Jewish separates with the Judaism they immigrate to Palestine to form a communism. The Jewish citizens are led by Zionist leader Jabotinsky and form a new revival for the Hebrew language. The Jewish organizations and migrants begin making vast land purchases. For instance, they purchase malarial swamps and drain them to create

International criminal law (ICC) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

International criminal law (ICC) - Essay Example They used the court, to execute most of the people who were in the Adolf administration for the atrocities they had caused them during their rule. Furthermore, the international criminal tribunal for Yugoslavia has also been exercising victors justice. There has been minimal number of prosecutions against the Serbs compared to Croats or members of other groups involved in the conflict. A small number of Serbs were persecuted despite the fact that 86 percent of the civilian killings were perpetrated by the Serbians or those people that they controlled (Sander, 105). Further, such claims again have been experienced in the Rwanda’s international criminal tribunal. The president of Rwanda refused to provide information that was necessary to prosecute Tutsis who were the most affected during the 1994 genocide. On the other hand, the same tribunals for perpetrating crimes against humanity at that time have prosecuted a number of Hutus. Most recently with the international criminal law, Laurent Gbagbo was arrested by the courts and indicted for crimes against humanity. However, Alasane Ouattra supporters who took the place of Laurent as the president and referred him to The Hague were left free. Thus, it is arguable that most of the international criminal law is most of the time bent to delivering victors

Effect Of Substrates On The Respiration Of Yeast Biology Essay

Effect Of Substrates On The Respiration Of Yeast Biology Essay The aim of this investigation is to examine what effects different substrates have on the respiration of yeast. I will investigate this by measuring the amount of carbon dioxide evolved during anaerobic respiration. Pilot Experiment: Before we could test which carbohydrate and type of yeast produced more carbon dioxide, we had to standardise the other variables of this experiment; temperature and concentration. Therefore, in order to find the optimum conditions we carried out a pilot experiment. In this experiment we used a range of temperatures from 10ËÅ ¡ to 60ËÅ ¡C and three different concentrations of carbohydrate 1%, 5% and 10%. The experiment was carried out as a group experiment with everyone being allocated a different temperature and concentration to test. It was carried out over a standardised period of 5 minutes. The rationale for conducting this pilot experiment was that enzymes are biological catalysts that are made up of globular proteins which are activated to work by temperature. They exist in the yeast and our bodies and therefore work best at 40ËÅ ¡C, however, they denature soon after and so our body temperature is kept at 37ËÅ ¡C to ensure this does not happen. Denaturation is the irreversible loss of 3D structure of enzymes and can be caused by excess heat or a change in PH. According to the Collision theory however, in order for a reaction to take place a certain level of energy, called the activation energy, must be reached. This energy needs to be reached by the particles colliding in the right way and fast enough, so a reaction can take place. By giving the particles more energy it encourages more to collide therefore the activation energy can be reached and a reaction can happen. The kinetic theory explains the effect of temperature, volume and pressure on the number of collisions. The theory states that if temperature is increased the particles gain more energy and there are more collisions in a given time. Similarly, increasing the concentration means than there is a higher chance of a collision happening because there are more particles in a given volume. If the concentration of carbohydrate/yeast is increased there are more enzymes known as z ymase, produced. This means there are more active sites for the carbohydrate substrate to attach to and the reaction happens faster. Therefore a balance must be reached between temperature so it does not denature the enzymes but is high enough to activate a reaction. Also, having a highly concentrated solution is seemingly advantageous but this can cause osmotic problems, so another balance must be reached, as to avoid this problem, but not to discourage a reaction. Apparatus: Beehive shelf Clamp Stand 50ml conical flask Trough Clamp Thermometer 50cm3 measuring cylinder Heat proof mat Spill 500ml beaker Bunsen burner Delivery tube with bung Tripod Gauze Stopwatch 25cm3 of bakers yeast 25cm3 of sucrose Electronic water-bath Method: 25cm3 of bakers yeast and 25 cm3 of sucrose was mixed together and preheated at the required temperature for 15 minutes in an electronic water-bath. 400cm3 of water was preheated to the same temperature as the yeast using the Bunsen burner. The trough was filled with water and a measuring cylinder was inverted by filling it with water then pressing a piece of paper onto the top to prevent any air bubbles from getting in. The beehive shelf was placed in the centre of the trough and the measuring cylinder was clamped in place, with the top resting on the beehive shelf, the hole being directly under it. The yeast was placed in the preheated water-bath and the bung from the delivery tube was replaced. The delivery tube was inserted into the hole in the side of the beehive shelf and the stop watch was started. Thirty seconds was timed then the beaker with the yeast/carbohydrate mix was swirled for 5 seconds to mix the yeast/carbohydrate. This was repeated every thirty seconds for fifteen minutes, with readings being taken at three five minute intervals. The correct temperature in the water bath was maintained by adding more hot water to it throughout the experiment. BACKGROUND INFORMATION: YEAST Saccharomyces cerevisiae, also known as yeast, is a micro organism that uses saprophytic digestion to break down substrates. This is achieved through releasing specific enzymes to break down specific substrates, but if yeast does not contain a certain types of enzyme then it cannot break down its substrate. The more the enzyme of a particular substrate, the faster the rate of breakdown and therefore the more CO2 is produced. This will help me to test how much CO2 each substrate produces. Yeast can also respire aerobically and anerobically depending on the availability of O2. If there is plentiful of O2 then yeast would respire aerobically with sugars, producing H2O and CO2 as waste products. However, if no oxygen is available then the fermentation would occur which converts sugars into CO2 and ethanol. RESPIRATION Respiration is the process by which energy is released energy from glucose in the presence of Oxygen, forming carbon dioxide and water as waste products. Glucose releases energy in a series of reactions that take place inside components of the cell. The stages are briefly explained below: GLYCOLYSIS To get the sugar in a more reactive form it is produced to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate by the addition 2 phosphate molecules. This process is a phosphorylation reaction. The fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is then broken down into 2 molecules of glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate, which comprises of 3C each. The glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate converted into pyruvate via the oxidation process where each GAL3P molecule releases 2 hydrogen ions and 2 electrons. The electrons are then transferred to NAD to produce NADH (reduced NAD) and the energy is used to produce 4ATP from 4ADP and 4Pi. Finally there is a net yield of 2 molecules of ATP, and 2 molecules of pyruvate which is used in the link reaction and 2 molecules of reduced NAD which carries on to the link reaction. LINK REACTION In the link reaction the 2 molecules of pyruvate leave the cytoplasm of the cell and enter the mitochondrial matrix. This is an oxidation reaction where 2 NAD molecules oxidise 2 pyruvate molecules into 2 acid molecules. These 2 molecules of acetic acid then go on to combine with 2 coenzyme-A molecules to form Acetyl Co enzyme A. in the end of this stage 2 molecules of reduced NAD form, 2 molecules of CO2 is lost and most importantly, Acetyl Co enzyme A is formed through the conversion of pyruvate. This is then used in the next stage of respiration. KREBS CYCLE At the start Acetyl Coenzyme A , combines with Citrate Synthase an enzyme as well and a 4 carbon molecule called oxaloacetate, forming Citrate. Then, Citrate goes through the process of oxidative decarboxylation which forms a 5 carbon molecule called oxoglutarate.at this point NADH is produced and CO2 is removed. In the latter stages of the krebs cycle, the oxoglutarate is changed into a 4 carbon oxaloacetate molecule. NADH is made and 1 molecule ATP is also made. The volume of CO2 that is produced in the krebs cycle is important as this is the dependant variable. ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN In this stage all of the NADH and FADH that has been produced in the previous stages is converted into ATP. This takes place in the cristae of the mitochondria. The NADH and FADH electrons move. When the electrons pass from one carrier to another, a series of reduction and oxidation reactions take place which releases energy in the process. This energy is used to pump H+ ions from the matrix into the intermembrane space, thus creating a gradient where the concentration of the H+ ions in the intermembranal space is higher than it s in the matrix. The inner membrane contains enzymes called ATP Synthase and The H+ ions diffuse through these enzymes causing energy to be released which is used to synthesise ATP through phosphorylation. The process is called because the final terminal electron acceptor is oxygen which picks up the electrons from the chain and the H+ ion from the matrix to form H20 as a waste product. This reaction is catalysed by the enzyme Cytochrome Oxidase For every NADH which enters the chain and is oxidised by NADH dehydrogenase, 3 ATP are produced. For each FADH that enters the chain, 2 molecules of ATP are made. ENZYMES Enzymes are proteins that can effectively increase the rate of a reaction by lowering the required energy (activation energy) needed in order for the reaction to occur. Enzymes have a tertiary structure which decides the shape of the active site. The substrate must be specific to the active site because if they were not complementary to each other, then the substrate can no longer bind to the active site, thus the enzyme substrate complex does not form. The performance of enzymes can be affected in several ways some of which I have explained below. TEMPERATURE An increase in temperature will cause an increase in the rate of reaction because both the enzyme particles and substrate particles have gained kinetic energy. This will result in the particles to move faster, thus increasing collision frequency and the numbers of successful collisions as the particles have the required activation energy. If the temperature rises above the optimum temperature then the enzymes can become denatured. This happens because the enzyme molecule vibrates more causing the weak hydrogen bonds (holding the 3D structure of the enzyme together) to break. This eventually leads to the shape of the active site being altered. Consequently, the substrate will not be able to bind with the substrate as the shape of the active site is no longer complementary so the substrate enzyme complex can not form. This is important in my experiment because if the yeast (enzyme) was to become denatured then it would not be able to bind with the substrate (e.g. glucose) and the react ion would not be catalysed, preventing any CO2 from being formed. I must ensure that temperature is kept constant throughout. PH Another factor which can affect enzymes is pH. Enzymes also have an optimum pH which is pH enzymes work best at. Changing the pH can change the tertiary structure due to the number of H+ ion in an acid or the OH- ions in an alkali. These ions disrupt the hydrogen and ionic bonds between -NH2 and -COOH. This will cause the tertiary structure to break down and changing the active site in the process. Once again, the substrate will no longer be able to bind with the active site, hence no substrate enzyme complex will form. I intend to use a buffer solution which will resist any changes in pH. SUBSTRATE CONCENTRATION Increasing substrate concentration increases enzyme activity as they are more molecules to occupy the active site, thus a faster reaction. If more enzyme substrate complex forms then more CO2 will be produced. However this is occurs only for a certain period until all the active sites are saturated with substrates. Therefore an increase in substrate concentration will not result in a increase in the rate of reaction. Carbohydrates such as glucose and sucrose are too soluble and reactive to be stored as they come as they would present osmotic problems and so they are stored in much more complex, insoluble structures known as polysaccharides. Polysaccharides are macromolecules formed by the joining of many monosaccharides together in condensation reactions. There can be more than 3000 repeating units in a chain, joined by glycosidic bonds, forming many complicated structures, one being starch. Starch is a polymer of alpha glucose, where the hydroxyl group is below the ring, and is made up of 30% amylose and 70% amylopectin. Amylose is a long polymer consisting of over 300 monomers joined by 1,4 glycosidic bonds. Amylopectin gives starch its compact store of energy property as it consists of monomers of glucose in 1,4 and 1,6 linkages causing the chain to branch out. Amylopectin can contain several thousand monomers and forms a coiled up structure which is a valuable store of energy for living organisms. Starch is suited to storage as it is insoluble in water and therefore cannot move out of the cells during osmosis. However, it can easily be broken down to produce simpler carbohydrates by a hydrolysis reaction via the enzyme zymase produced by yeast. It is broken down firstly into maltose then into glucose then into carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol. In this experiment we used two different types of the Saccharomyces Cerevisiae (saccharo meaning sugar and myces meaning fungus) sub- species of yeast to respire the carbohydrates; bakers and brewers. Both are made up of small cells, separated by walls of cellulose with a living organism inside called a protoplasm. Yeast cells reproduce by budding, and do so every two to three hours under ideal conditions. All types of yeast will respire carbohydrates to make energy in order to reproduce. Therefore, when sugar is added to the Brewers yeast, the yeast cells secrete the enzyme zymase to begin respiring the carbohydrate substrate according to the following equation: C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + 2900kJ Glucose + Oxygen = Carbon + water + Energy dioxide This is known as aerobic respiration due to the presence of oxygen, (defined as free or molecular oxygen atoms participating in the respiratory breakdown of organic substances). Brewers, however, are more interested in anaerobic respiration, (defined as when the respiratory breakdown of organic substrates takes place without the participation of free or molecular oxygen atoms). In yeast, anaerobic respiration is sometimes called fermentation. This happens when the enzyme secreted by yeast, known as zymase, catalyses the break down of glucose to produce ethyl alcohol, in abundance and less carbon dioxide, (which they use to create the fizz). It happens that starch is broken down to form maltose, maltose is broken down into glucose and glucose breaks down according to either the aerobic or anaerobic respiration equation, depending on the conditions. Therefore, Brewers use anaerobic (airtight) conditions and most of the reaction happens according to this equation: C6H12O6= 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 + 84kJ Glucose = Ethyl + Carbon + Energy Alcohol dioxide This produces the desired product i.e. the alcohol and the bi- product of carbon dioxide, which we collect in this experiment. The Bakers yeast is very similar to Brewers except it is used for a slightly different commercial purpose i.e. bread making. The yeast respires aerobically in this process as the main function is to inflate the dough to make it softer, and therefore, the desired product comes from the first equation: C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + 2900kJ Glucose + Oxygen = Carbon + water + Energy dioxide The reaction also requires nitrogen from the air to act as a nucleating site for the carbon dioxide to form bubbles against and therefore produces a good yield of carbon dioxide. In most processes where yeast is used, it will have been cultivated to suit that purpose, e.g. to produce more carbon dioxide or more ethyl alcohol, therefore there will often be a big difference between the behaviour of the two yeasts. We can test this in this experiment as the variable of the condition (whether it is in aerobic or anaerobic conditions) is being standardised by both the experiments being carried out in aerobic conditions. This is due to the fact that there is a good oxygen supply whilst the yeast is preheated and during gas collection, when the system is air tight, it is not left long enough for it to use up the oxygen and respire anaerobically. This is a favourable condition for maximum CO2 production however as, according to the equation, there are six moles of CO2 produced aerobically and only two moles of gas produced anaerobically. Aim: The aim of the pilot experiment is to investigate the optimum temperature and concentration of carbohydrate, that, when respired with yeast, produces the biggest volume of carbon dioxide. PLANNING: THE DEPENDANT AND INDEPENDENT VARIABLE: The dependant variable will be the volume of C02 produced during respiration and the independent variable will be the substrates that I decide to use in the experiment. These are Glucose, Fructose, Maltose, Lactose and Sucrose. NULL HYPOTHESIS: The type of carbohydrate being respired will have no significant effect on the amount of carbon dioxide produced in a given time. HYPOTHESIS: In accordance with the information that has been gathered, the following hypotheses were derived; Hypothesis one: When respired by yeast, different types of carbohydrates will produce different amounts of CO2. I believe this because glucose is a monosaccharide which consists of one molecule, sucrose is a disaccharide, which consists of two molecules and starch is a polysaccharide, consisting of many molecules. This means they all have different molecular structures and therefore will break down with different levels of ease. In order to keep an open mind however, the following null hypothesis was also noted; Null hypothesis one: The type of carbohydrate being respired will have no significant effect on the amount of carbon dioxide produced in a given time. The second hypothesis was theorised relating to the variable of the yeast: Hypothesis two; Different types of yeast will produce different volumes of CO2. I predict this because the commercial purposes of Bakers and Brewers yeasts are different and therefore special cultivations might have made the yeast better designed for one purpose than the other. Again a null hypothesis was also adopted; Null hypothesis two: There will be no significant difference between the amount of carbon dioxide produced by the Bakers and the Brewers yeast. Apparatus: The following apparatus will be used when conducting the experiment: Beehive shelf Trough 200cm3 measuring cylinder 500ml beaker Tripod 25cm3 of bakers yeast 25cm3 of brewers yeast 25cm3 of sucrose 25cm3 of glucose 25cm3 of starch Bunsen burner Gauze Heat proof mat Rubber tubing 50ml conical flask Thermometer Spill Delivery tube with bung Stopwatch Clamp Clamp stand METHOD: 25cm3 of the desired yeast and 25 cm3 of the desired carbohydrate was mixed together and preheated at the required temperature for 1 hour in an electronic water-bath. 400cm3 of water was preheated to the same temperature as the yeast using the Bunsen burner. The trough was filled with water and a 200cm3 measuring cylinder was inverted by filling it with water then pressing a piece of paper onto the top to prevent any air bubbles from getting in. The beehive shelf was placed in the centre of the trough and the measuring cylinder was clamped in place, with the top resting on the beehive shelf, the hole being directly under it. A small piece of rubber tubing was inserted into the beehive shelf through the hole in the side, up into the inverted cylinder, and the other end was attached to the delivery tube. The yeast was placed in the preheated water-bath and the bung from the delivery tube was replaced. The delivery tube was inserted into the hole in the side of the beehive shelf and the stop watch was started. Thirty seconds was timed then the beaker with the yeast/carbohydrate mix was swirled for 5 seconds to mix the yeast/carbohydrate. This was repeated every thirty seconds for fifteen minutes, with readings being taken at three five minute intervals. The correct temperature in the water bath was maintained by adding more hot water to it throughout the experiment. This was repeated using each different type of sugar with each different type of yeast: Bakers glucose, Bakers sucrose, Bakers starch, Brewers glucose, Brewers sucrose, Brewers starch. Control of the variables of the method: In order for this experiment to be run fairly there are certain controls that should be taken into consideration: -The temperature must be kept constant by refilling the water bath with warm water. -The yeast/carbohydrate solution should be pre-mixed and preheated for the same amount of time i.e. one hour, in each experiment. -The gas should be collected at three 5 minute intervals for each condition. -The solution should be swirled every thirty seconds for five seconds to mix the yeast and carbohydrate together. -The temperature and concentration should be the same for each experiment; 35ËÅ ¡C and 7.5% respectively. -The amount of yeast to carbohydrate should be kept constant i.e. 25cm3 of each. -The same method should be used; the rubber tube, collection of gas in an inverted measuring cylinder, as certain ways are more accurate than others. Control of the measurements: When taking measurements, the following points should be noted: -When measuring the gas, measure to the bottom of the meniscus of the water. -Make sure the measuring cylinder is perpendicular to the clamp stand to ensure that the water lies at the correct level. -When timing, do not shake at 30 seconds by the stopwatch because 5 seconds is added on each time (while it is shaken) and therefore by the sixth minute or so it will require shaking as soon as it has been shaken. -Keep a constant check on the thermometer to ensure the temperature does not drop. Results: A summary table to show volume of gas produced by bakers and brewers yeast with three different carbohydrate substrates: Amount of CO2 produced in cm3 in fifteen minutes in each condition The table above shows the results of our practical, including my own, highlighted in blue. The average volume of gas collected in each separate condition is shown and reveals that most gas was produced in the brewers glucose experiment, at 115.6 cm3 and the condition that produced the lowest average was brewers starch, at 9.4. The range of the averages was 94.3, showing there was a large difference between the values. Analysis of the results: The graph above clearly shows the difference between the three carbohydrate substrates to be significant. It is clear that the order for most CO2 produced is glucose, sucrose, starch, the greatest difference being between sucrose and starch. It also appears that the results are closer together for bakers yeast than for brewers. The average for bakers yeast was slightly higher at 74cm3 than the Brewers at 71.2cm3. Students T test: The descriptive statistics above, however, only tell us what has been found, they do not tell us the probability of achieving the scores we did, and therefore an inferential students t test was applied. The students t test was devised to analyse smaller sets of samples; to determine whether the results were due to chance or the manipulation of the independent variable. It works out that if the difference between the variance of the sum of the two means (of the two samples) is greater than twice the standard deviation of the difference between the means (of the two samples) then this is unlikely to have of occurred by chance, and therefore our data is significant. Glucose v Sucrose bakers: t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances Variable 1 Variable 2 Mean 103.6667 93.25641 Variance 927.0702 595.5641 Observations 39 39 Pooled Variance 761.3171 Hypothesized Mean Difference 0 df 76 t Stat 1.66608 P(T